Peking Opera | East Asia Guide
Beijing Opera (Mandarin: 京剧; pinyin JingJiu) - a form of traditional Chinese theater which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. Opera also known as the Beijing Opera, which means the country's capital city of China, or the "heart" (Li, 2008, p. 1).
History. Although it is called Beijing opera, but the opera was not born in the Chinese capital. Peking Opera is a precursor of Huabei opera, which was common in the Yangtze River (Mandarin: replace 扬子江; pinyin Yangzijiang) lowlands and Anhui troupes performed seventeenth century. the middle (Xu, 2003, p.13.). replace In 1790., Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin qingchao) times, Anhui troupe came to Beijing to play a role in 80-th of Emperor Qianlong (Mandarin: 乾隆; pinyin Qianlong) birthday. (Xu, 2003, p. 15) This date is considered the birth of the Beijing Opera. Opera audience was very diverse, not only members of the royal family, officials and scholars, but also merchants, city dwellers, artisans (Xu, 2003, p. 15).
After 1860., Peking opera quickly spread throughout the country. Earliest Peking opera became popular in Tianjin (Mandarin: 天津; pinyin Tianjin) and Hebei (Mandarin: 河北, Pinyin: Hebei) and Shandong (Mandarin: 山东; pinyin Shandong) province. Later this opera form spread to Shanghai and 1919. Opera was the first appearance abroad - in Japan. Since then, the troupe often performed shows in foreign countries. Today, Beijing Opera has the most appearances, artists, replace troupes and audiences, as compared to other types of OPERA (Xu, 2003, p. 17-18).
Scene and props. replace Props in the scene, only the traditional table and two chairs. But viewers replace imagination help the space around this furniture can be a palace, cabinet, court or military commander of the tent. The difference lies in the table and chairs decoration details. For example, if it is a house, a table cloth is decorated with dragon patterns. In this way, the table can become a bed, a bridge, a tower, mountain, or even a cloud. It is also important, such as chairs and table will be placed on the stage. For example, if the chair is built against the table, it shows the normal household (Xu, 2003, p. 26).
Peking replace opera characters often rides a horse. However, instead replace of a horse props, actor of time riding whip and perform an action. In addition to tangible objects, actors as well as the use of virtual. For example, the opera Bekeliant jade bracelet (called. Picking Up the Jade Bracelet) girl sew the fabric to the shoe sole. When the pad is a real needle - imagine (Xu, 2003, p. 27).
Opera characters. Peking Opera in a different gender, age, character and class of the people are divided into four vaidmenis- Seng, Dan, and cou jingo. All characters belongs to one of the four roles. All roles are divided into a number of types. However, the characters that are assigned to the same role have similar performances, costume and make-up replace rules. (Wu, 2010, p. 004-005).
Seng (Mandarin: 生, Pinyin: sheng) - a top male roles. This role is divided into four categories. Lao sheng - middle or old age, a man with a beard. Wu Sheng - a man with a fighting abilities, which appears in the fight scenes. Xiao Sheng - a young, handsome man, usually a man of science. Hongsheng - the face is always painted red (Xu, 2003, p. 31).
Dan (Mandarin: 旦; pinyin: dan) - any female roles. Qingyi - gentle and quiet young girl. Huadu - virtuous or scold. Lao Dan - elderly replace woman. Wu Dan - a woman with a fighting art skills. Cai dan - funny and crafty character (Xu, 2003, p. 32-33). Here we can mention the Dan Nan (男 旦 Mandarin, pinyin: nan dan) role. Otherwise known as: the men who play female roles. Above, women were not allowed to play in appearance than the track (women only started to play after 1860.). It should be noted that to carry out the role of the feminine man will not be enough to look like a woman, but had to be able to play as a woman. Even today, the Beijing opera can find a number of actors Nan Dan (Xu, 2003, p. 63-64).
Jingu (Mandarin: 净; pinyin: jing) - masculine role when the actor's face is painted. Different colors and design of the actor portrays a different character. Some are bold and energetic, replace and others menacing, reckless, rough or distracted. The vote must be sound and clear, and the motion exaggerated. Role is divided into two types: wen jing - singing type and wu jing - performing martial arts (Xu, 2003, p. 33).
Cou (Mandarin: 丑; pinyin chou) - The role of clown. This is one of the major opera roles. They may also have different characteristics: some sincere, simple and open, and the other - ruthless and evil. This role is divided into two categories: wenchou (civilian) and wuchou (clown-versed in the arts of combat) (Xu, 2003, p. 33).
Facial Design (makeup). An integral part of the Beijing replace Opera makeup. The above has been used to mask operas
Beijing Opera (Mandarin: 京剧; pinyin JingJiu) - a form of traditional Chinese theater which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. Opera also known as the Beijing Opera, which means the country's capital city of China, or the "heart" (Li, 2008, p. 1).
History. Although it is called Beijing opera, but the opera was not born in the Chinese capital. Peking Opera is a precursor of Huabei opera, which was common in the Yangtze River (Mandarin: replace 扬子江; pinyin Yangzijiang) lowlands and Anhui troupes performed seventeenth century. the middle (Xu, 2003, p.13.). replace In 1790., Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; pinyin qingchao) times, Anhui troupe came to Beijing to play a role in 80-th of Emperor Qianlong (Mandarin: 乾隆; pinyin Qianlong) birthday. (Xu, 2003, p. 15) This date is considered the birth of the Beijing Opera. Opera audience was very diverse, not only members of the royal family, officials and scholars, but also merchants, city dwellers, artisans (Xu, 2003, p. 15).
After 1860., Peking opera quickly spread throughout the country. Earliest Peking opera became popular in Tianjin (Mandarin: 天津; pinyin Tianjin) and Hebei (Mandarin: 河北, Pinyin: Hebei) and Shandong (Mandarin: 山东; pinyin Shandong) province. Later this opera form spread to Shanghai and 1919. Opera was the first appearance abroad - in Japan. Since then, the troupe often performed shows in foreign countries. Today, Beijing Opera has the most appearances, artists, replace troupes and audiences, as compared to other types of OPERA (Xu, 2003, p. 17-18).
Scene and props. replace Props in the scene, only the traditional table and two chairs. But viewers replace imagination help the space around this furniture can be a palace, cabinet, court or military commander of the tent. The difference lies in the table and chairs decoration details. For example, if it is a house, a table cloth is decorated with dragon patterns. In this way, the table can become a bed, a bridge, a tower, mountain, or even a cloud. It is also important, such as chairs and table will be placed on the stage. For example, if the chair is built against the table, it shows the normal household (Xu, 2003, p. 26).
Peking replace opera characters often rides a horse. However, instead replace of a horse props, actor of time riding whip and perform an action. In addition to tangible objects, actors as well as the use of virtual. For example, the opera Bekeliant jade bracelet (called. Picking Up the Jade Bracelet) girl sew the fabric to the shoe sole. When the pad is a real needle - imagine (Xu, 2003, p. 27).
Opera characters. Peking Opera in a different gender, age, character and class of the people are divided into four vaidmenis- Seng, Dan, and cou jingo. All characters belongs to one of the four roles. All roles are divided into a number of types. However, the characters that are assigned to the same role have similar performances, costume and make-up replace rules. (Wu, 2010, p. 004-005).
Seng (Mandarin: 生, Pinyin: sheng) - a top male roles. This role is divided into four categories. Lao sheng - middle or old age, a man with a beard. Wu Sheng - a man with a fighting abilities, which appears in the fight scenes. Xiao Sheng - a young, handsome man, usually a man of science. Hongsheng - the face is always painted red (Xu, 2003, p. 31).
Dan (Mandarin: 旦; pinyin: dan) - any female roles. Qingyi - gentle and quiet young girl. Huadu - virtuous or scold. Lao Dan - elderly replace woman. Wu Dan - a woman with a fighting art skills. Cai dan - funny and crafty character (Xu, 2003, p. 32-33). Here we can mention the Dan Nan (男 旦 Mandarin, pinyin: nan dan) role. Otherwise known as: the men who play female roles. Above, women were not allowed to play in appearance than the track (women only started to play after 1860.). It should be noted that to carry out the role of the feminine man will not be enough to look like a woman, but had to be able to play as a woman. Even today, the Beijing opera can find a number of actors Nan Dan (Xu, 2003, p. 63-64).
Jingu (Mandarin: 净; pinyin: jing) - masculine role when the actor's face is painted. Different colors and design of the actor portrays a different character. Some are bold and energetic, replace and others menacing, reckless, rough or distracted. The vote must be sound and clear, and the motion exaggerated. Role is divided into two types: wen jing - singing type and wu jing - performing martial arts (Xu, 2003, p. 33).
Cou (Mandarin: 丑; pinyin chou) - The role of clown. This is one of the major opera roles. They may also have different characteristics: some sincere, simple and open, and the other - ruthless and evil. This role is divided into two categories: wenchou (civilian) and wuchou (clown-versed in the arts of combat) (Xu, 2003, p. 33).
Facial Design (makeup). An integral part of the Beijing replace Opera makeup. The above has been used to mask operas
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